99' B.L.T. Scientific Rep.

This link is to the full pier reviewed scientific paper on the B.L.T. Research website, which set a new precedent for scientific establishment of authentic Crop Circles. This was the culmination of a multi year study conducted on several hundred specially selected formations. The study was made possible by B.L.T. Research President Nancy Talbott who was successful in obtaining a research grant from the Rockefeller Foundation for the project's undertaking. The study's conclusions showed distinct physical changes existed inside authentic formations as compared to control areas outside the formation. Hoaxed formations may only replicate their appearance in design but without these physical changes . Specifically, the node collars (joints in cereal crops) were measurably longer then those in the control areas, with many nodes containing 'expulsions', or holes, where moisture had blown out due to a flash heating process resulting from a microwave like energy effect that causes the formation. Hoaxing can not accomplish this effect in their replicated appearance. The only way this effect has been artifically duplicated was by sticking a few stalks in a microwave for a few seconds. Any moisture in the stalk is super heated and shoots up to the node, pressurizing it into expansion or expulsion as the case may be. Other physical changes involve the seed embryos whereby they were either stunted or accelerated depending on the maturity of the crop affected. It is theorozied that a plazma based energy system may be the source of these formations as the hypothetical model fits well into the revealed characteristics.

PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM105: 615624. 1999 – (all rights reseverd)
Copyright © Physiologia Plantarum 1999 (ISSN 00319317)

^aPinelandia Biophysical Laboratory, 4853 Wolf Lake Rd., Grass Lake, Ml 49240, USA

Abstract:
The findings reported here lend further support to a decade of research which suggests that over 95% of worldwide crop formations involve organized ion plasma vortices that deliver lower atmosphere energy components of sufficient magnitude to produce significant bending, expansion and the formation of unique expulsion cavities in plant stem pulvini, as well as significant changes in seedling development. Here we demonstrate that, in a number of formations, quantitative node alterations can be directly related to fundamental concepts of electromagnetic energy absorption through the atmosphere. Also, in a detailed field study of simulated crop formations, we show that overfertilization or gravitropism cannot account for observed physiological alterations. In addition, we demon strate that details of flattened, intertwined crop patterns can be described by the application of fluid dynamic principles governing the interaction of rectilinearly moving vortex pairs.

New findings reported here augment an ongoing investigation initiated in the late 1980s, when samples taken from ‘crop formations’ in wheat fields in southern England were first sent to the laboratory. Crop formations are flattened, swirled areas of plants, most often found in fields of commercially grown cereal plants such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) or oats (Avena saliva); these flattened areas of the crop are often interspersed with areas of standing, apparently unaffected plants, the overall effect often being recognizable geometric patterns of considerable intricacy and dramatic effect.
Although simple flattened circles have been reported occasionally in southern England since the 1600s, by the mid1960s they were increasing in number, and by the late 1980s, not only numbered in the hundreds each summer, but had reached a level of design complexity which included not only circles and rings, but triangular and rectangular areas with associated pathways, often reaching 1–125 m in length or diameter. Most of these formations exhibited a number of features which had the farmers and local landowners mystified as to their causation.
During the 1993 growing season the British ‘news’ media initiated a story, subsequently circulated worldwide, that crop formations were the product of vandals. This assumption that all crop formations were manmade was not only accepted by much of the general public, but also, apparently, by the majority of scientists – in spite of the fact that there was absolutely no objective evidence presented to support such an idea. In fact, quite the opposite situation prevailed: although not yet published in 1993, considerable data had been analyzed in the laboratory, which conceptually offered a more sound and scientifically rigorous explanation.
By 1994 over 80 crop formations had been sampled from the USA, Canada, Australia and England and these plant specimens had been examined and analyzed in detail at the Pinelandia Laboratory at Grass Lake, Michigan, USA. By the time these results were published in the scientific literature (Levengood 1994) it was clear that the plants from more than 95% of the sampled events revealed either single or multiple anomalous and readily apparent structural alterations. In general, these consisted of significant enlargements in the internal cellwallpit structures, expanded and deformed stem pulvini, and gross embryonic malformations.
Not one of these clearly anomalous plant alterations had been mentioned – much less explained –by the proponents of the vandal theory, nor can they be accounted for by the supposed methods employed to create crop formations through claims made by the self described vandals.
One remarkable feature of plants within crop formations which, upon laboratory examination, displayed retarded or completely terminated embryo or seed development was the fact that the somatic tissue and external appearance of the plants were normal, thus producing a situation which can not be explained by ionizing radiation or chemicals – both known to alter development within somatic tissues (Leopold 1964, Levitt 1980). In addition, seeds taken ........